Could have been a stuck thermostat. Years ago during a club event we were driving through Provincetown RI and, stuck in traffic, a radiator blew on one of the cars. When you suddenly release hot coolant under pressure it flashes into steam and makes an impressive cloud. The liquid on the passenger side could be condensate leaking from the A/C.
Put the system back together, fill with water, pressurize to see if it holds and run the motor to cycle the fans. I would replace the thermostat just because and the rad cap too. When you get the system leak-tight drain the water and fill with anti-freeze. if you are very lucky you didn't get the motor hot enough to pop the head gaskets.